Architecture
Architectural preservation
The preservation of buildings is currently becoming one of the main focal areas of the work of an architect, whereby a distinction is made between two domains: on the one hand, the upkeep of monuments – for which a thorough grasp of historical constructions and their structural methodology is required – and on the other, design and construction as a continuous process of communication, the quality of which lies in dialogue with the location and its history. Research on existing features always takes precedence before the preservation and conscientious restoration of a monument. Through this process, knowledge, which is important for future planning and cost-effective restoration, can be acquired. However, specialists are not only sought for the planning of restorations/renovations/reconstructions but also for construction management in monument preservation construction.
Urban planning in a historic context
Within urban planning, a central focus lies on the preservation of architectural structures as well as on the safeguarding of qualities that forge an identity such as urban layout, the embedding of buildings within a landscape, the course and location of streets and squares, as well as the protection of individual buildings of significance. Cities must live up to the fresh challenges posed by traffic, by transport and by supply and waste management. Therefore, historic structures must be continually integrated into emerging infrastructures so as to meet the demands of the present and to function as needed. Stagnation can lead to decline within neighborhoods. The emphasis within urban development must lie on the greater whole, whilst still not neglecting individual aspects.
Landscape and garden preservation
The protection of historic gardens is the discipline responsible for the preservation and rehabilitation of historic landscapes. A garden monument consists mainly of the interplay between biological matter (plants), paths and path connections, as well as visual axes. In this way, such monuments are subject to continuous change. Their appearance depends upon the change of seasons and the processes of natural evolution and decay. The handling of such a task calls for expertise within the domains of landscape gardening and cultural heritage preservation. The search for the buried traces of historic gardens lies within the realm of archaeological heritage management; the restoration of park architecture is a task suited to those who have studied landscape architecture and monument preservation.
Preservation of industrial monuments
Interior design
Interior architecture is understood as a mediator between yesterday and today. From the inside, a monument can be experienced through the interplay of the visible and tangible qualities of the room shell and associated features and furnishings. This includes room acoustics, light/ light conditions, and the further development of the structural approach, e.g. through the design of furniture/ objects, or through the lighting concept, or equally through the choice of color and material with the right accentuation.
Design in the present and in the historical context
Designing new building parts for an old building/monument, designing in old buildings and monuments: e.g. (adaptive) re-use
Design
Architectural photography
In terms of architectural documentation, photographic surveying plays an important role in the mapping out of adjoining buildings including their true color rendering. A thorough photographic depiction is crucial for an inventory and for all further steps in the documentation and planning process. In architectural research and restoration, digital images are widely accepted as photographic documentation of the state of things. Long-term archiving and storage options also play a central role in the preservation of cultural heritage, architectural research and archeology. Photography makes it possible to view the historical state of a building and to compare it directly with the current state of the building as well as with the state of the building throughout history. Such a comparison would be almost impossible without photography.
Visualization
Through digital technologies, different types of media and sources (such as illustrations, plans, archival records, etc.) can be better interconnected for historical building research in the fields of art history and architecture, resulting in interactive maps, virtual tours and 3D models for scientific evaluations. 3D-models open a new area of application in the field of cultural heritage preservation. In this regard, visualization can be used for many purposes, such as building documentation, analyses in art history and for the identification of vulnerable areas within the construction.
Education/comic
Children wonder from early on, "Who am I? Where do I come from? " They want to know something about "olden" times. The best way to satisfy a child’s thirst for knowledge is through picture stories. In comics, history comes alive and can be experienced. In addition to an exciting story, knowledge is also conveyed through the images. The artist teaches and entertains through their drawings. Comics are often used as teaching material in school lessons.
Engineering services
Measurement
The measurement and documentation of the general condition of a building form the basis of all planning. The more precisely the existing property can be documented, the more well-founded will be the implementation of reconstruction, restoration and renovation measures. State-of-the-art measurement hardware such as electronic tachometers and GPS instruments are used for basic measurements. 3D-models from previously created point clouds open a new area of application in the field of cultural heritage preservation. In this regard, such models can be used for many purposes, including building documentation, analyses in art history and the identification of vulnerable areas within the construction.
Building construction
With historical buildings, it is often difficult to determine which historical construction method was used and/or which technology should be used to restore and maintain such historical buildings. Technical expertise is crucial to fully grasp the historical building stock and to thus ensure the structural integrity of a building in the long term. The increased demand for measurements during construction on historic buildings has increased the need for such technical experts. Inspections resulting from non-invasive assessments are not only a remarkably effective alternative to invasive methods but often offer the only way to obtain the information that is important for the preservation process.
Restoration
Within monument preservation, craftsmen who know how to handle historic objects with due care are needed. For every raw material - whether it be wood, stone, metal or glass - there are experts who are responsible for professional restoration. The basic principles underlying preservation are taught as part of the master’s degree in Heritage Management in order that students can enter into dialogue with experienced craftsmen, can work together with them on concepts for the preservation of cultural heritage, can advise customers, and finally, so that they can evaluate problems and measures in terms of monument preservation.
Marketing
Museum
Within the context of museums, the traditional fields of activity include the collection itself as well as conservation, research, exhibition and transportation. These correspond to the professional fields of activity for a monument conservator with a university degree. This profession requires graduates who, primarily, possess a sound knowledge of a specific area of museology, art and architectural history, who have a good university degree, and who can work and communicate at a high academic level. Occupational fields fall into administrative areas - as a director, exhibition designer, librarian, museum educator or preservationist. Museums play an important role in our society and those who work in museums must have the appropriate education and background to protect and preserve our history.
Tourism
Public relations
The task of raising public awareness and acceptance for the preservation of monuments and for the preservation of cultural heritage is enshrined in all laws governing the protection of cultural heritage. Within this context, advertising and publications are to be understood as "goal-oriented intermediaries" which, as such, belong to the political mandate of the authorities responsible for monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany. “Media-related” preservationists need competencies and skills in the field of academic communication, owing to their role as intermediaries between research and the information-based society.
Exhibitions
Advertising
In contemporary advertising, there has been a great deal of discussion around historical monuments, as the monument is controversial as a brand or as a product. However, since monuments have taken their place as part of the inventory of associations and foundations, it has been possible for these organizations to use monuments to successfully advertise their own goals. At the same time, successful advertising concepts are also needed in monument preservation to highlight the importance of a monument or to generate donations. We must keep our historical treasures from being forgotten. At best, historical monuments can be brought back to life. Concepts and strategies must be devised and promoted, accompanied by publications, events, trade fairs and exhibitions.
Event design
Administration
Administration in governmental and non-governmental institutions
In Europe, there are innumerable “traditional” positions in government agencies or city-wide institutions that are part of the public service related to the preservation of cultural heritage. Government departments regulate access to these positions relatively strictly and specify the requirements that must be met to be considered for a position. To secure a position in the higher civil service - the category for people with academic qualifications in the public sector (state museums, positions in national bodies responsible for cultural heritage, universities) - a doctorate is typically required; non-governmental institutions (e.g. city or private museums) have partially relaxed their stance on this question.
Humanities
Journalism
Publications
This is more than simply publishing the latest research results in monument preservation, (art) history and archaeology in print or in digital form -- also in audiovisual form.
Research
Research and archiving are among the most important areas of cultural heritage preservation. The humanities and liberal arts provide the foundation for an understanding of our culture. Interdisciplinary research plays an important role in the preservation of cultural heritage and is inextricably linked to it. Research results flow into the work of journalists and are also published in specialist journals and books thus drawing attention to these topics. Employers include public administration, museums, archives, universities, media and information companies, associations and institutions.